The invention of reinforced concrete is often attributed to builder William Wilkinson, who asked in 1854 a patent for a system that included iron armor for 'improving housing construction, warehouses and other fire-resistant buildings. Sydney Opera House, a building designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon in 1957 and opened in 1973, in Sydney, Australia used concrete color pigment.
Embedding the rebar (ie steel bars) increases the tensile strength significantly. It is called reinforced slabs. This characteristic is used, inter alia, in beams, as they break easily without reinforcement. With reinforcement beam power is increased considerably. The slabs are an old invention. In Ancient Greece and the Etruscans produced a material similar to it. It was used for buildings such as houses, aqueducts and bridges. And a large part of them still exist, including Pantheon's dome, spanning 45 meters.
Thanks to the Roman architect Vitruvius' work Ten Books on Architecture, today we have a pretty good knowledge of how toprepare the contemporary binder. There was a mixture of lime and silica. By adding water, there is a chemical reaction between the two materials that form calcium silicate hydrate. This technique was lost until you found Vitruvius' work in the year 1414. Limestone is still the main ingredient in concrete mixtures.
In the eighteenth century, with the desire to revive the investigation, John Smeaton, an engineer from Leeds was commissioned to build a lighthouse on the cliff Edystone, on the coast of Cornwall, using stones together with lime mortar calcined to form a monolithic building. The structure supported the constant wave action and the moist winds and was completed in 1759 and yet the foundation still remains.
Initially pastas made from clay, plaster or lime were used, but quickly deteriorated to inclement weather. Various solutions were devised by mixing water with crushed rocks and minerals. Thus, in ancient Egypt paste made from various mixtures of gypsum and limestone dissolved in water, to unite firmly the stone blocks that were used. These still exist between the limestone blocks and lining on the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Without the participation of an aggregate it is called mortar. Concretes are produced with other binders which are cement, asphalt concrete and bitumen used for mixing. Cement is a powdery material that by itself is not binding, and when mixed with water, the hydrate becomes a moldable paste with adhesive properties.
Since one of the harmful effects to the environment is that cement production generates large volumes of carbon dioxide, the cement replacement technology plays an important role in efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. It is typically included in certain catalysts which allow its 'autolavado' such as titanium dioxide mixtures. It is also used to confine radioactive waste.
And there is a variety of them: colorants, accelerators, retarders, flow, sealants, fibers, etc. Conventional concretes normally used in pavements, buildings and other structures have a specific gravity (density, volumetric weight, unit weight) ranging from 2200-2400 kg / cubic meters (137-150 lb / ft 3). The density of concrete varies depending on the quantity and density of aggregates, the amount of trapped air (occluded) or intentionally included and the amounts of water and cement.
Embedding the rebar (ie steel bars) increases the tensile strength significantly. It is called reinforced slabs. This characteristic is used, inter alia, in beams, as they break easily without reinforcement. With reinforcement beam power is increased considerably. The slabs are an old invention. In Ancient Greece and the Etruscans produced a material similar to it. It was used for buildings such as houses, aqueducts and bridges. And a large part of them still exist, including Pantheon's dome, spanning 45 meters.
Thanks to the Roman architect Vitruvius' work Ten Books on Architecture, today we have a pretty good knowledge of how toprepare the contemporary binder. There was a mixture of lime and silica. By adding water, there is a chemical reaction between the two materials that form calcium silicate hydrate. This technique was lost until you found Vitruvius' work in the year 1414. Limestone is still the main ingredient in concrete mixtures.
In the eighteenth century, with the desire to revive the investigation, John Smeaton, an engineer from Leeds was commissioned to build a lighthouse on the cliff Edystone, on the coast of Cornwall, using stones together with lime mortar calcined to form a monolithic building. The structure supported the constant wave action and the moist winds and was completed in 1759 and yet the foundation still remains.
Initially pastas made from clay, plaster or lime were used, but quickly deteriorated to inclement weather. Various solutions were devised by mixing water with crushed rocks and minerals. Thus, in ancient Egypt paste made from various mixtures of gypsum and limestone dissolved in water, to unite firmly the stone blocks that were used. These still exist between the limestone blocks and lining on the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Without the participation of an aggregate it is called mortar. Concretes are produced with other binders which are cement, asphalt concrete and bitumen used for mixing. Cement is a powdery material that by itself is not binding, and when mixed with water, the hydrate becomes a moldable paste with adhesive properties.
Since one of the harmful effects to the environment is that cement production generates large volumes of carbon dioxide, the cement replacement technology plays an important role in efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. It is typically included in certain catalysts which allow its 'autolavado' such as titanium dioxide mixtures. It is also used to confine radioactive waste.
And there is a variety of them: colorants, accelerators, retarders, flow, sealants, fibers, etc. Conventional concretes normally used in pavements, buildings and other structures have a specific gravity (density, volumetric weight, unit weight) ranging from 2200-2400 kg / cubic meters (137-150 lb / ft 3). The density of concrete varies depending on the quantity and density of aggregates, the amount of trapped air (occluded) or intentionally included and the amounts of water and cement.
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